Pemerolehan Bahasa dan Pengaplikasiannya

Pemerolehan bahasa dan pengaplikasiannya

Teori pemerolehan bahasa

Lima hipotesis berikut ini merangkum teori tentang pemerolehan bahasa ( untuk penjelasan secara teknis dan bukti pendukung, lihat di Krashen 1994, 2004 ).

Pemerolehan – Pembelajaran Hipotesis

Kita memiliki dua cara yang sangat berbeda dalam menegmbangkan kemampuan pada bahasa lain. Kita dapat memperoleh bahasa, dan kita dapat belajar bahasa.

     Pemerolehan bahasa terjadi tanpa disadari, ketika ini terjadi kita tidak mengetahui atau sadar bahwa ini telah terjadi. Kita mengucapkan sebuah percakapan, membaca sebuah buku, menonton sebuah film. Tentu saja, tetapi dalam waktu yang sama, kita mungkin akan memperoleh bahasa.

     Dan juga, kita akan memperoleh sesuatu, kita tidak selalu menyadari bahwa segalanya telah terjadi. Pengetahuan disimpan didalam otak bawah sadar kita. Penelitian ini sangat mendukung pada pandangan anak anak dan orang dewasa bahwa secara tidak kita sadari mereka memperoleh bahasa. Dan keduanya lisan maupun tertulis, sebuah bahasa dapat diperoleh.

     Perolehan bahsa terkadang mengacu pada “penguasaan” bahasa. Ketika seseorang berkata, “saya tinggal di Perancis untuk sementara dan saya menguasai beberapa bahasa Perancis”. Ini berarti dia memperolehnya.

     Belajar bahasa adalah sebuah proses secara disadari. Ketika kita belajar, kita tau bahwa kita sedang belajar dan kita mencoba untuk belajar. Belajar bahasa adalah apa yang kita pelajari disekolah, bahasa setiap hari, ketika kita bicara tentang “aturan” dan “tata bahasa” kita akan bicara tentang “belajar”.

     Memeriksa kesalahan yang seharusnya memnabntu untuk belajar. Ketika kita membuat sebuah kesalahan dan diperiksa, kita seharusnya merubah cara kesadaran pada diri kita pada sebuah aturan. Jika seorang pelajar berkata “saya datang ke sekolah setiap hari” dan guru merespon dengan “bukan, saya datang ke sekolah” kita seharusnya menyadari bahwa ‘s’ bukan digunakan untuk orang pertama tunggal pada bentuk sebuah kata kerja.

Phrasal Verb

1. Bobbed up

Each time my head bobbed up, I looked at that name. (page 5, line 7)

 “Bobbed up” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “bobbed up” is “menengok”

2. Came back

One day, however I ate the fire, and the fire came back, and it at me. ( page 3,line 18 )
“Came back” is idiomatic pharasal verb.

• The meaning of “came back” is “ menyambar “

3. Wet down 

She wet down any strands that stuck out like spider legs. ( page 2, line 3 )
“Wet down” is literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of "wet down” is “membasahi”

4. Took out

I took out a pretty comb, ivory with a rooster carved at each end. ( page 2, line 17 )

“Took out” is literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Took out” is “mengambil”

5. Take off

Take off your shoes. ( page 4, line 2 )
“Take off” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Take off” is “Lepaskan”

6. Stuck out

She wet down any strands that stuck out like spider legs. ( page 2, line 3 )
“Stuck out” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “stuck out” is “terurai’

7. Sat down

Precious auntie sat down on a stool and drew me to her lap. ( page 4, line 28 )
“Sat down” is literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “sat down” is “duduk”

8. Ran up

Instantly, my feet were stabbed with an iciness that ran up my legs, through my body, and dripped out my nose. ( page 4, line 4 )
“ran up” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Ran up” is “berlari mendaki”

9. Dripped out

Instantly, my feet were stabbed with an iciness that ran up my legs, through my body, and dripped out my nose. (Page 3-4, Paragraph 4, line 14)

“Dripped out” is an literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Dripped out” is “menetes”

10. Pulled off

She pulled off her scraft and pointed to her face and bunched her brows. ( page 2, line 22 ).
“Pulled off” is literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “pulled off” is “melepas”

11. Looked into

Her black eyes looked into mine. (Page 4, paragraph 1, line 8)

"Looked into" is literal phrasal verb

• The meaning of "looked into" is "memandang"

12. Made up

I laughed and clapped my hands, liking this made up story best. ( page 3, line 21 )
“Made up” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “made up” is “membayangkan”

13. Leap out

‘Ai-ya, seeing her, even a demon would leap out of his skin. ( page 2, line 33 )

“Leap out” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Leap out” is “mengelupas”

14. Dig it out

It is there in the oldest layer of my memory, and I cannot dig it out. ( page 1, line 8 )
“Dig it out” is an idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “dig it out” is “mengingatnya”.

15. Fallen out

Where the gums had burned, the teeth had fallen out. ( page 3, line 2 ).
“Fallen out “ is an idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Fallen out” is “rontok”

16. Get up 

She huffed, set the paper on the low cupboard, and mentioned that i sholud get up. ( page 1, line 21 ).
“Get up” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Get up” is “bangun”

17. Blew on

She blew on them until they began to smolder. (Page 4, paragraph 2, line 1)

"Blew on" is a literal phrasal verb

• The meaning of "blew on" is "meniup"

18. Holding it up

‘you wear this, ‘I demanded , holding it up”. ( page 2, line 19 )
“Holding it up” is idiomatic phrasal verb.

• The meaning of “Holding it up” is “menggenggam”

19. Burning up

They are actually fragments of meteors penetrating the earth’s atsmosphere,burning up in their descent. (Page 9, paragraph 3, line 9)

"Burning up" is a literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of "burning up" is "membakar".

20. Gone over

A hundred times I have gone over that morning when Precious Auntie wrote it down. (Page 1, Paragraph 2, line 3).

"Gone over" is a literal phrasal verb.

• The meaning of "gone over" is "meneliti"

Just Comment About Family

In which, family protect their children. Families provide children with a sense of belonging and unique identity. Families are, or should be, a source of emotional support and comfort, warmth and nuturing protection and security. Why families should be do it? Because children should be protect to become a good children.

The children have to give attention, a giving and taking of love, and empathy by every family member it helps to give motivation their children. Although every family has conflicts, all the family members should feel as though they can express themselves openly, share their feelings, and have their opinions listened to with understanding. In fact, conflicts and disagreements are a normal part of family life and are important so far as they permit people to communicate their differences and ventilate their feelings.

The family instructs children and gives guidance about personal values and social behavior. It means the family give a true way for children to become good children and not become naughty children. Because most children in modern era globalisation don't use values in their social friend. In this time, juvenile deliquence is the most famous in their social friend, friend benefit and social network. So, family helps them learn and internalize codes of conduct that will serve them for the rest of their lives. It helps them develop positive interpersonal relationships, and it provides and environment that encourages learning both in the home and at school. It gives children a sense of history and a secure base from which to grow and develop.

D'ice in The Mirror Comunity

D' Ice in The Mirror Community associations are strange children and happy friend coming from Vocational High School 41 Jakarta Administrative grade 1 who have graduated school in 2010 . D' ice is composed of seven members, namely :
Wahyu Cahyaningsih is often called "the Oyoy "
Nurul Mutmainah is often called "the Ndo "
Saraswati is often called "the Oneng "
Regina Ratna Sari is often called "the Borhe "
Rizma Yuni is often called "the Imah "
Eka Yudhia Putriani often called "the Uyud "
Santi Adelia Putri who often was called " Kodel "
Shanty Rachmadianti who often was called " Sha "

We all earlier instead of a gang . We just used to gather together in the classroom and often walk together and often eat meatball in school canteens . Initially when we are in the second class often gather together and often sit in front of the class if the teacher does not exist in the class or the teacher didn't come .Start we can be together .

Why we named D' Ice in The Mirror Community ... ? ? ?

D' ice was derived from the word 'ice ' because we all were poisoned after drinking iced tea that existing small ice cubes that we often mengkletuk - kletuk small ice cubes .

In The Mirror also has a special meaning . That is , we were all happy times in front of the mirror glass mirror in the toilet of our school and we all also have a small mirror box that can be taken anywhere and anytime.
Actually, we all do not want to say in a gang . Because we all want to get together with anyone , anytime and others could also join with us all . But sometimes other people judge us wrong and is considered one too . Even so but we do not think about it and just assume normal. We also do not like asking for trouble to others we all just want to have fun and that even if there are people who often vilify us , we consider the wind just wrote it all through . We all Love Peace , hehehehehe :)...

Healthy Life

Healthy lifestyle has to be adoption for anyone without exception. Because in this era many diseases attack people so sudden mainly by food that we eat everyday like junk food and fast food that stand in every corner or mall. Especially for young and teenager that follow western culture llike eat hamburger, pizza, fried chicken, steak and so on.

It actually not a big deal, but by the time it goes it may cause something seriously. In this case parents should be handle by making healthy food for their children like provide milk, cheese, bread, fruits, rice or something that is not too heavy eat in the morning.

Mom probably should bring some food to her husband and children for lunch so that her husband and children do not deliver or buy food from corner. As I know place that serve fast food will eventually lead you              many diseases like cholesterol, cancer, heart attack and more.

But most of adult or business people want to something practical without think to their future. There are many bad impacts from ordering fast food like I mentioned above, and I certainly not too healthy because you don't know how they serve your food even in the restaurant, but they still doing that thing all over again. So, I think they should change their lifestyle for living in the healthy life so that they can avoid the dangerous diseases.

Your hear a lot about living a healthy lifestyle. But what does it mean? In general, a healthy person doesn't smoke, at a healthy weight, eats, drinks and sport. Sound simple isn't it?The trick to healthy life is making a small changes. Taking more step, adding fruit to your cereal, having an extra glass of water, these are just a few ways you can start living healthy.

We can eat vegetables and fruits. Vegetables result increased health and prevention of illness. Eating vegetables is one of the best ways to improve your health. Vegetables are high nutrition and fiber but low calories. Vegetable increase antioxidant activity in the body, help the detoxify in the body and frequently have unique value.

Most fruits function as natural laxatives, helping regulate the body's disgestive proccess. Fruits contains important vitamins that your body needs to stay healthy. Orange, strawberry and other citrus fruits cotain vitamin a, c, and e. These vitamin are important. Antioxidant can protect your body from damage by free radical. Not just vegetables and fruits, milk is important for healthy. Benefit of milk include the good bone, smooth skin, strong imune system, hypertension, dehidration, obesity, osteoporosis and even some forms cancer.

Beside that, some sports can help you stay healthy are low cost and highly effective at getting you in to shape. Many participate of sport because sport is fun but there are also number of health benefits associated with staying active. Basic sport will help you achieve your objectives.

Indirect Sentence

Direct :
“We are very happy to be developing our regional business with ATR 72-600s, the aircraft that stand out as one of the best choice for short-haul flights," Garuda president and CEO Emirsyah Satar said in an official release.


Indirect :
Garuda president and CEO Emirsyah Satar said that they were very happy to be developing their regional business with ATR 72-600s, the aircraft that stood out as one of the best choice for short-haul flights.


Direct :

“We need aircraft that offer the latest in technology and comfort for our customers. ATR 72-600s provide the perfect combination for regional networks: Offering modern technology and low operational costs,” he added.


Indirect :
He added that they needed aircraft that offered the latest in technology and comfort for our customers. ATR 72-600s provided the perfect combination for regional networks: Offering modern technology and low operational costs.


Direct :

“We can confirm that three individuals from Papuan provinces delivered a protest letter at the Australian Consulate General in Bali this morning to Australia’s consul-general. The three men left the consulate voluntarily before 7:00 a.m.,” Ray Marcelo, a spokesperson from the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, told The Jakarta Post.



Indirect :
Ray Marcel said that they could confirm that three individuals from Papuan provinces had delivered a protest letter at the Australian Consulate General in Bali this morning to Australia’s consul-general. The three men had left the consulate voluntarily before 7:00 a.m.


Direct :

The circumstances of the incident and issues associated with the security of the consulate general are being reviewed,” he added.


Indirect :

he said that The circumstances of the incident and issues had associated with the security of the consulate general was being reviewed.

Direct :

“It is clear, we recognize and support Indonesia’s sovereignty.”

“I am also shocked to hear this news from you,” he told the Post.

Indirect :

he told the Post that it was clear, they recognized and supported Indonesia's sovereignty. He was also shocked to heard this news from you.

Direct :

“They intimidated us,” Melkias said.

“They have terrorized us at least five times since August,” Melkias said.

Indirect :

Melkias said that they had intimidated him.

Melkias said that they had terrorized him at least five times since August.

Direct :

“If your house is about to receive special guests, then it is obvious to sweep the floor of your house and do some cleaning to please your guest. Right?” said Lodewijk.

“We’re still finalizing it,” she said, adding that US President Barack Obama’s absence and threats from security officers had not pressured them to call off the plan.

Indirect :

Lodewijk said that If his house was about to received special guests, then it was obvious to sweeped the floor of his house and did some cleaning to please his guest. Right?

she said that they were still finalizing it.

Direct Sentence

1. Article : Garuda Indonesia Announces New Propeller Airplanes

“We are very happy to be developing our regional business with ATR 72-600s, the aircraft that stand out as one of the best choice for short-haul flights," Garuda president and CEO Emirsyah Satar said in an official release.

http://www.jakpost.travel/news/garuda-indonesia-announces-new-propeller-airplanes--w5SAGOEQuNhzKvyT.html

“We need aircraft that offer the latest in technology and comfort for our customers. ATR 72-600s provide the perfect combination for regional networks: Offering modern technology and low operational costs,” he added.

http://www.jakpost.travel/news/garuda-indonesia-announces-new-propeller-airplanes--w5SAGOEQuNhzKvyT.html

2. Article : Forces 'intimidate' Papuan students in Bali

“We can confirm that three individuals from Papuan provinces delivered a protest letter at the Australian Consulate General in Bali this morning to Australia’s consul-general. The three men left the consulate voluntarily before 7:00 a.m.,” Ray Marcelo, a spokesperson from the Australian Embassy in Jakarta, told The Jakarta Post.

“The circumstances of the incident and issues associated with the security of the consulate general are being reviewed,” he added. Ray also reiterated the Australian government’s position on Papua.

“It is clear, we recognize and support Indonesia’s sovereignty.”

“I am also shocked to hear this news from you,” he told the Post.

Hours after information about the incident circulated in Nusa Dua, the Papuan students’ dormitory in Bali was raided by the police.

“They intimidated us,” Melkias said.

“They have terrorized us at least five times since August,” Melkias said.

“If your house is about to receive special guests, then it is obvious to sweep the floor of your house and do some cleaning to please your guest. Right?” said Lodewijk.

“We’re still finalizing it,” she said, adding that US President Barack Obama’s absence and threats from security officers had not pressured them to call off the plan.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/10/07/forces-intimidate-papuan-students-bali.html